Flerovium (Fl)
post-transition-metalExpected to be a Solid
Standard Atomic Weight
[289]Electron configuration
[Rn] 7s2 7p2 5f14 6d10(predicted)Melting point
N/ABoiling point
-63.15 °C (210 K)Density
9928 kg/m³Oxidation states
0, +1, +2, +4, +6Electronegativity (Pauling)
N/AIonization energy (1st)
Discovery year
1998Atomic radius
180 pmDetails
Flerovium is a synthetic superheavy element in group 14, below lead. It has been made only atom by atom in heavy-ion fusion reactions, and all confirmed isotopes are radioactive and short-lived. Its chemistry is dominated by strong relativistic effects, so it is not expected to behave as a simple heavier analogue of lead. Experimental chemical information is sparse, but it points to unusually weak metallic bonding and high volatility for a group 14 element.
Flerovium does not occur naturally in the Earth’s crust. Flerovium was named for the Flerov Laboratory for Nuclear Reactions of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JIRN). In 1999, a collaboration of scientists from the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia (Figs. 4.114.1 and 4.114.2) and the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory in the USA synthesized flerovium. They used nuclear reaction experiments to eventually produce 287Fl by cross-bombardments of 48Ca with both (even-A) 242Pu and (odd-A) 245Cm. The intermediate nuclide 283Cn was observed with known decay characteristics that established the synthesis of flerovium [668], [669]. Flerovium has no known isotopic applications aside from scientific research.
Flerovium was first produced by scientists working at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia in 1998. They bombarded atoms of plutonium with ions of calcium. This produced a single atom of flerovium-289, an isotope with a half-life of about 21 seconds. Flerovium's most stable isotope, flerovium-289, has a half-life of about 0.97 seconds. It decays into copernicium-285 through alpha decay.
Flerovium is radioactive and has the symbol Fl and the atomic number 114. The element is named after Russian physicist Georgy Flyorov, who founded the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, where the element was first discovered in 1999.
Element 114 has a 30-second half-life, which is much longer than element 112's. This is evidence of the "island of stability" that was predicted to occur around element 114 (where the combination of protons and neutrons would combine to make a stable structure).
A beam containing 48Ca was aimed into a244Pu target to make this atom.
The name Flerovium was adopted by IUPAC on May 31, 2012.
Images
Properties
Physical
Chemical
Thermodynamic
N/A
Nuclear
Abundance
N/A
Reactivity
N/A
Crystal Structure
N/A
Electronic Structure
Identifiers
Electron Configuration Predicted
——Electron configuration data not available for this ion.
Atomic model
Isotopes change neutron count, mass, and stability — not the electron configuration of a neutral atom.
N/A
Schematic atomic model, not to scale.
Atomic Fingerprint
Emission / Absorption Spectrum
Isotope Distribution
No stable isotopes.
| Mass number | Atomic mass (u) | Natural abundance | Half-life |
|---|---|---|---|
| 288 Radioactive | 288.18757 ± 0.00091 | N/A | 653 ms |
| 287 Radioactive | 287.18678 ± 0.00066 | N/A | 510 ms |
| 285 Radioactive | 285.18364 ± 0.00047 | N/A | 210 ms |
| 286 Radioactive | 286.18423 ± 0.00071 | N/A | 130 ms |
| 290 Radioactive | 290.191875 ± 0.000752 | N/A | 80 seconds |
Phase / State
Reason: 88.1 °C above boiling point (-63.15 °C)
Schematic, not to scale
Phase transition points
Density
At standard conditions
Estimated via ideal gas law at current T
Crystal structure data not available for solid phase
Isotopes (5)
| Mass number | Atomic mass (u) | Natural abundance | Half-life | Decay mode | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 288 Radioactive | 288.18757 ± 0.00091 | N/A | 653 ms | α ≈100%SF ? | |
| 287 Radioactive | 287.18678 ± 0.00066 | N/A | 510 ms | α ≈100%SF ? | |
| 285 Radioactive | 285.18364 ± 0.00047 | N/A | 210 ms | α ≈100%SF<20% | |
| 286 Radioactive | 286.18423 ± 0.00071 | N/A | 130 ms | α =59±1.1%SF =41±1.1% | |
| 290 Radioactive | 290.191875 ± 0.000752 | N/A | 80 seconds | α ≈100%SF ?β+<50% |
Extended Properties
Covalent Radii (Extended)
Numbering Scales
Polarizability & Dispersion
Advanced Reference Data
Isotope Decay Modes (17)
| Isotope | Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|---|
| 284 | SF | 100% |
| 284 | A | — |
| 285 | A | 100% |
| 285 | SF | 20% |
| 286 | A | 59% |
| 286 | SF | 41% |
| 287 | A | 100% |
| 287 | SF | — |
| 288 | A | 100% |
| 288 | SF | — |
Additional Data
Estimated Crustal Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's crust.
Not Applicable
References (1)
- [5] Flerovium https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele114.html
Estimated Oceanic Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's oceans.
Not Applicable
References (1)
- [5] Flerovium https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele114.html
References
(8)
Data deposited in or computed by PubChem
The half-life and atomic mass data was provided by the Atomic Mass Data Center at the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Element data are cited from the Atomic weights of the elements (an IUPAC Technical Report). The IUPAC periodic table of elements can be found at https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/. Additional information can be found within IUPAC publication doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0703 Copyright © 2020 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
The information are cited from Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(12): 1833-2092, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is one of 17 national laboratories funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The lab's primary mission is to conduct basic research of the atom's nucleus using the lab's unique particle accelerator, known as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). For more information visit https://www.jlab.org/
The periodic table at the LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) contains basic element information together with the history, source, properties, use, handling and more. The provenance data may be found from the link under the source name.
The periodic table contains NIST's critically-evaluated data on atomic properties of the elements.
This section provides all form of data related to element Flerovium.