Electrical conductivity / resistivity

Electrical conductivity in S/m and resistivity in Ω·m of the elemental substance, with temperature and form noted. DC, bulk; mostly 293 K (20 °C), 1 bar — actual conditions are stated per record.

σ Minimum: 1e-15 S/m Sulfur Maximum: 6.289308e+7 S/m Silver Average: 8.668741e+6 S/m Data available: 79 of 118

ρ Minimum: 1.59e-8 Ω·m Silver Maximum: 1e+15 Ω·m Sulfur Average: 1.265922e+13 Ω·m Data available: 79 of 118

Top conductors (σ) 1 Silver 6.289308e+7 S/m2 Copper 5.952381e+7 S/m3 Gold 4.098361e+7 S/m4 Aluminum 3.773585e+7 S/m5 Calcium 2.97619e+7 S/m

Top resistivity (ρ) 1 Silver 1.59e-8 Ω·m2 Copper 1.68e-8 Ω·m3 Gold 2.44e-8 Ω·m4 Aluminum 2.65e-8 Ω·m5 Calcium 3.36e-8 Ω·m

Data set: various conditions — see each record

Showing 118 of 118 elements

	Symbol	Name
1	H	Hydrogen	—	—	—	—	Gas	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—
2	He	Helium	—	—	—	—	Gas	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—
3	Li	Lithium	1.077586e+7 calc.	9.28e-8	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
4	Be	Beryllium	2.777778e+7 calc.	3.6e-8	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
5	B	Boron	1e-6 calc.	1e+6 est.	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
6	C	Carbon	—	2.5–5.0×10⁻⁶	in-plane (along the layers)	graphite	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
7	N	Nitrogen	—	—	—	—	Gas	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—
8	O	Oxygen	—	—	—	—	Gas	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—
9	F	Fluorine	—	—	—	—	Gas	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—
10	Ne	Neon	—	—	—	—	Gas	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—
11	Na	Sodium	2.096436e+7 calc.	4.77e-8	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
12	Mg	Magnesium	2.277904e+7 calc.	4.39e-8	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
13	Al	Aluminum	3.773585e+7 calc.	2.65e-8	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
14	Si	Silicon	4.347826e-4 calc.	2300 est.	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
15	P	Phosphorus	—	—	—	white phosphorus P₄ (standard state)	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—
16	S	Sulfur	1e-15 calc.	1e+15 est.	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
17	Cl	Chlorine	—	—	—	—	Gas	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—
18	Ar	Argon	—	—	—	—	Gas	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—
19	K	Potassium	1.388889e+7 calc.	7.2e-8	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
20	Ca	Calcium	2.97619e+7 calc.	3.36e-8	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
21	Sc	Scandium	1.779359e+6 calc.	5.62e-7	—	—	Solid	room temperature (≈293–300 K), 1 bar	Calculated
22	Ti	Titanium	2.380952e+6 calc.	4.2e-7	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
23	V	Vanadium	5.076142e+6 calc.	1.97e-7	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
24	Cr	Chromium	8e+6 calc.	1.25e-7	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
25	Mn	Manganese	6.944444e+5 calc.	1.44e-6	—	α-Mn (complex cubic)	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
26	Fe	Iron	1.030928e+7 calc.	9.7e-8	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
27	Co	Cobalt	1.602564e+7 calc.	6.24e-8	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
28	Ni	Nickel	1.430615e+7 calc.	6.99e-8	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
29	Cu	Copper	5.952381e+7 calc.	1.68e-8	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
30	Zn	Zinc	1.694915e+7 calc.	5.9e-8	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
31	Ga	Gallium	3.703704e+6 calc.	2.7e-7	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
32	Ge	Germanium	2.173913 calc.	0.46 est.	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
33	As	Arsenic	3.003003e+6 calc.	3.33e-7	—	gray arsenic	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
34	Se	Selenium	—	—	—	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—
35	Br	Bromine	1.282051e-11 calc.	7.8e+10 est.	—	—	Liquid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
36	Kr	Krypton	—	—	—	—	Gas	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—
37	Rb	Rubidium	7.8125e+6 calc.	1.28e-7	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
38	Sr	Strontium	7.575758e+6 calc.	1.32e-7	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
39	Y	Yttrium	1.677852e+6 calc.	5.96e-7	—	—	Solid	room temperature (≈293–300 K), 1 bar	Measured
40	Zr	Zirconium	2.375297e+6 calc.	4.21e-7	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
41	Nb	Niobium	7.142857e+6 calc.	1.4e-7	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
42	Mo	Molybdenum	1.872659e+7 calc.	5.34e-8	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
43	Tc	Technetium	5e+6 calc.	2e-7	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
44	Ru	Ruthenium	1.408451e+7 calc.	7.1e-8	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
45	Rh	Rhodium	2.309469e+7 calc.	4.33e-8	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
46	Pd	Palladium	9.487666e+6 calc.	1.054e-7	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
47	Ag	Silver	6.289308e+7 calc.	1.59e-8	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
48	Cd	Cadmium	1.375516e+7 calc.	7.27e-8	—	—	Solid	295 K (22 °C), 1 bar	Measured
49	In	Indium	1.194743e+7 calc.	8.37e-8	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
50	Sn	Tin	9.174312e+6 calc.	1.09e-7	—	β-Sn (white tin)	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
51	Sb	Antimony	2.398082e+6 calc.	4.17e-7	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
52	Te	Tellurium	—	—	—	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—
53	I	Iodine	7.692308e-8 calc.	1.3e+7 est.	—	—	Solid	273 K (0 °C), 1 bar	Measured
54	Xe	Xenon	—	—	—	—	Gas	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—
55	Cs	Cesium	4.878049e+6 calc.	2.05e-7	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
56	Ba	Barium	3.012048e+6 calc.	3.32e-7	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
57	La	Lanthanum	1.626016e+6 calc.	6.15e-7	—	—	Solid	room temperature (≈293–300 K), 1 bar	Measured
58	Ce	Cerium	1.207729e+6 calc.	8.28e-7	—	β-Ce (dhcp)	Solid	room temperature (≈293–300 K), 1 bar	Measured
59	Pr	Praseodymium	1.428571e+6 calc.	7e-7	—	—	Solid	room temperature (≈293–300 K), 1 bar	Measured
60	Nd	Neodymium	1.55521e+6 calc.	6.43e-7	—	—	Solid	room temperature (≈293–300 K), 1 bar	Measured
61	Pm	Promethium	1.333333e+6 calc.	7.5e-7	—	—	Solid	room temperature (≈293–300 K), 1 bar	Calculated
62	Sm	Samarium	1.06383e+6 calc.	9.4e-7	—	—	Solid	room temperature (≈293–300 K), 1 bar	Measured
63	Eu	Europium	1.111111e+6 calc.	9e-7	—	—	Solid	room temperature (≈293–300 K), 1 bar	Measured
64	Gd	Gadolinium	7.633588e+5 calc.	1.31e-6	—	—	Solid	room temperature (≈293–300 K), 1 bar	Measured
65	Tb	Terbium	8.695652e+5 calc.	1.15e-6	—	—	Solid	room temperature (≈293–300 K), 1 bar	Measured
66	Dy	Dysprosium	1.079914e+6 calc.	9.26e-7	—	—	Solid	room temperature (≈293–300 K), 1 bar	Measured
67	Ho	Holmium	1.228501e+6 calc.	8.14e-7	—	—	Solid	room temperature (≈293–300 K), 1 bar	Measured
68	Er	Erbium	1.162791e+6 calc.	8.6e-7	—	—	Solid	room temperature (≈293–300 K), 1 bar	Measured
69	Tm	Thulium	1.47929e+6 calc.	6.76e-7	—	—	Solid	room temperature (≈293–300 K), 1 bar	Measured
70	Yb	Ytterbium	4e+6 calc.	2.5e-7	—	β-Yb	Solid	room temperature (≈293–300 K), 1 bar	Measured
71	Lu	Lutetium	1.718213e+6 calc.	5.82e-7	—	—	Solid	room temperature (≈293–300 K), 1 bar	Measured
72	Hf	Hafnium	3.021148e+6 calc.	3.31e-7	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
73	Ta	Tantalum	7.633588e+6 calc.	1.31e-7	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
74	W	Tungsten	1.785714e+7 calc.	5.6e-8	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
75	Re	Rhenium	5.181347e+6 calc.	1.93e-7	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
76	Os	Osmium	1.231527e+7 calc.	8.12e-8	—	—	Solid	273 K (0 °C), 1 bar	Measured
77	Ir	Iridium	2.123142e+7 calc.	4.71e-8	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
78	Pt	Platinum	9.433962e+6 calc.	1.06e-7	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
79	Au	Gold	4.098361e+7 calc.	2.44e-8	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
80	Hg	Mercury	1.020408e+6 calc.	9.8e-7	—	—	Liquid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
81	Tl	Thallium	5.555556e+6 calc.	1.8e-7	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
82	Pb	Lead	4.545455e+6 calc.	2.2e-7	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
83	Bi	Bismuth	7.751938e+5 calc.	1.29e-6	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
84	Po	Polonium	2.5e+6 calc.	4e-7	—	α-Po	Solid	273 K (0 °C), 1 bar	Measured
85	At	Astatine	—	—	—	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—
86	Rn	Radon	—	—	—	—	Gas	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—
87	Fr	Francium	3.333333e+5 calc.	3e-6	—	—	Solid	estimate, temperature not specified	Calculated
88	Ra	Radium	1e+6 calc.	1e-6	—	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	Measured
89	Ac	Actinium	—	—	—	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—
90	Th	Thorium	6.369427e+6 calc.	1.57e-7	—	—	Solid	273 K (0 °C), 1 bar	Measured
91	Pa	Protactinium	5.649718e+6 calc.	1.77e-7	—	—	Solid	273 K (0 °C), 1 bar	Measured
92	U	Uranium	3.571429e+6 calc.	2.8e-7	—	α-U (orthorhombic)	Solid	273 K (0 °C), 1 bar	Measured
93	Np	Neptunium	8.196721e+5 calc.	1.22e-6	—	—	Solid	295 K (22 °C), 1 bar	Measured
94	Pu	Plutonium	6.849315e+5 calc.	1.46e-6	—	—	Solid	273 K (0 °C), 1 bar	Measured
95	Am	Americium	1.449275e+6 calc.	6.9e-7	—	—	Solid	room temperature (≈293–300 K), 1 bar	Measured
96	Cm	Curium	8e+5 calc.	1.25e-6	—	—	Solid	room temperature (≈293–300 K), 1 bar	Measured
97	Bk	Berkelium	—	—	—	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—
98	Cf	Californium	—	—	—	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—
99	Es	Einsteinium	—	—	—	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—
100	Fm	Fermium	—	—	—	—	Solid	—	—
101	Md	Mendelevium	—	—	—	—	Solid	—	—
102	No	Nobelium	—	—	—	—	Solid	—	—
103	Lr	Lawrencium	—	—	—	—	Solid	—	—
104	Rf	Rutherfordium	—	—	—	—	Solid	—	—
105	Db	Dubnium	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
106	Sg	Seaborgium	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
107	Bh	Bohrium	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
108	Hs	Hassium	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
109	Mt	Meitnerium	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
110	Ds	Darmstadtium	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
111	Rg	Roentgenium	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
112	Cn	Copernicium	—	—	—	—	Gas	—	—
113	Nh	Nihonium	—	—	—	—	Solid	—	—
114	Fl	Flerovium	—	—	—	—	Gas	—	—
115	Mc	Moscovium	—	—	—	—	Solid	—	—
116	Lv	Livermorium	—	—	—	—	Solid	—	—
117	Ts	Tennessine	—	—	—	—	Solid	—	—
118	Og	Oganesson	—	—	—	—	Gas	—	—

Sources and notes

Values are for direct current and bulk material; conductance in S, resistance in Ω and sheet resistance are never substituted. σ and ρ are shown in separate columns.
For scalar records σ = 1/ρ (or ρ = 1/σ) is computed from the same form and conditions and is marked as calculated; the primary measured value keeps its status.
Anisotropic materials show the measurement direction: graphite conductivity along and across the layers are separate records. Graphite and diamond are never mixed; each element counts once in the rankings.
Ranges and ">"/"<" limits are kept as ranges, never turned into exact values; they do not enter statistics or rankings.
The superconducting state is shown separately: no division by zero for σ, and superconductors are excluded from the ordinary averages and rankings.
A poor conductor, an insulator and missing data are different cases: missing values are never replaced by zero.