Magnetic properties

Dia-, para-, ferro- and other magnetic behavior of the elemental substance, with Curie/Néel temperatures where applicable. reference: 298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar.

Data available 95 of 118 Antiferromagnetic 1Diamagnetic 34Ferromagnetic 3Paramagnetic 57 No data 23

T_C minimum -259.15 °C Samarium

T_C maximum 1114.85 °C Cobalt

T_N minimum -253.25 °C Neodymium

T_N maximum 37.85 °C Chromium

Showing 118 of 118 elements

	Symbol	Name
1	H	Hydrogen	Diamagnetic	H₂ (molecule)	Gas	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
2	He	Helium	Diamagnetic	He (atom)	Gas	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
3	Li	Lithium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
4	Be	Beryllium	Diamagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
5	B	Boron	Diamagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
6	C	Carbon	Diamagnetic	graphite	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
7	N	Nitrogen	Diamagnetic	N₂ (molecule)	Gas	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
8	O	Oxygen	Paramagnetic	O₂ (molecule)	Gas	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	-249.35 -249.3 °C	23.8 K (-249.3 °C): antiferromagnetic → paramagnetic — Solid α-O₂ orders antiferromagnetically; the transition coincides with the α→β structural transition.	Measured
9	F	Fluorine	Diamagnetic	F₂ (molecule)	Gas	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
10	Ne	Neon	Diamagnetic	Ne (atom)	Gas	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
11	Na	Sodium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
12	Mg	Magnesium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
13	Al	Aluminum	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
14	Si	Silicon	Diamagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
15	P	Phosphorus	Diamagnetic	white phosphorus P₄ (standard state)	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
16	S	Sulfur	Diamagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
17	Cl	Chlorine	Diamagnetic	Cl₂ (molecule)	Gas	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
18	Ar	Argon	Diamagnetic	Ar (atom)	Gas	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
19	K	Potassium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
20	Ca	Calcium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
21	Sc	Scandium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
22	Ti	Titanium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
23	V	Vanadium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
24	Cr	Chromium	Antiferromagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	37.85 37.9 °C	311 K (37.9 °C): antiferromagnetic → paramagnetic	Measured
25	Mn	Manganese	Paramagnetic	α-Mn (complex cubic)	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	-178.15 -178.1 °C	95 K (-178.1 °C): antiferromagnetic → paramagnetic — Complex order of α-Mn with several inequivalent Mn sites.	Measured
26	Fe	Iron	Ferromagnetic	α-Fe (bcc)	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	769.85 769.9 °C	—	1043 K (769.9 °C): ferromagnetic → paramagnetic	Measured
27	Co	Cobalt	Ferromagnetic	α-Co (hcp)	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	1114.85 1,114.9 °C	—	1388 K (1,114.9 °C): ferromagnetic → paramagnetic	Measured
28	Ni	Nickel	Ferromagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	353.85 353.9 °C	—	627 K (353.9 °C): ferromagnetic → paramagnetic	Measured
29	Cu	Copper	Diamagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
30	Zn	Zinc	Diamagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
31	Ga	Gallium	Diamagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
32	Ge	Germanium	Diamagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
33	As	Arsenic	Diamagnetic	gray arsenic	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
34	Se	Selenium	Diamagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
35	Br	Bromine	Diamagnetic	Br₂ (molecule)	Liquid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
36	Kr	Krypton	Diamagnetic	Kr (atom)	Gas	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
37	Rb	Rubidium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
38	Sr	Strontium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
39	Y	Yttrium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
40	Zr	Zirconium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
41	Nb	Niobium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
42	Mo	Molybdenum	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
43	Tc	Technetium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
44	Ru	Ruthenium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
45	Rh	Rhodium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
46	Pd	Palladium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
47	Ag	Silver	Diamagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
48	Cd	Cadmium	Diamagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
49	In	Indium	Diamagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
50	Sn	Tin	Paramagnetic	β-Sn (white tin)	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
51	Sb	Antimony	Diamagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
52	Te	Tellurium	Diamagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
53	I	Iodine	Diamagnetic	I₂ (molecule)	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
54	Xe	Xenon	Diamagnetic	Xe (atom)	Gas	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
55	Cs	Cesium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
56	Ba	Barium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
57	La	Lanthanum	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
58	Ce	Cerium	Paramagnetic	γ-Ce (fcc)	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
59	Pr	Praseodymium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
60	Nd	Neodymium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	287.7 K (14.6 °C), 1 bar	—	-253.25 -253.2 °C	19.9 K (-253.2 °C): antiferromagnetic → paramagnetic — Several magnetic phases below 20 K.	Measured
61	Pm	Promethium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
62	Sm	Samarium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	291 K (17.9 °C), 1 bar	-259.15 -259.1 °C	-167.15 -167.1 °C	14 K (-259.1 °C): conical ferromagnetic → antiferromagnetic • 106 K (-167.1 °C): antiferromagnetic → paramagnetic — Sources give 105–110 K for the Néel point.	Measured
63	Eu	Europium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	-182.75 -182.7 °C	90.4 K (-182.7 °C): helical antiferromagnetic → paramagnetic	Measured
64	Gd	Gadolinium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	300 K (27 °C), 1 bar	20.25 20.3 °C	—	293.4 K (20.3 °C): ferromagnetic → paramagnetic	Measured
65	Tb	Terbium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	300 K (27 °C), 1 bar	-54.15 -54.1 °C	-43.15 -43.1 °C	219 K (-54.1 °C): ferromagnetic → helical antiferromagnetic • 230 K (-43.1 °C): helical antiferromagnetic → paramagnetic	Measured
66	Dy	Dysprosium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	293 K (20 °C), 1 bar	-185.15 -185.1 °C	-94.15 -94.1 °C	88 K (-185.1 °C): ferromagnetic → helical antiferromagnetic — Coupled with a first-order structural transition. • 179 K (-94.1 °C): helical antiferromagnetic → paramagnetic	Measured
67	Ho	Holmium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	300 K (27 °C), 1 bar	-253.15 -253.1 °C	-141.15 -141.1 °C	20 K (-253.1 °C): conical ferromagnetic → helical antiferromagnetic • 132 K (-141.1 °C): helical antiferromagnetic → paramagnetic	Measured
68	Er	Erbium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	300 K (27 °C), 1 bar	-254.15 -254.1 °C	-189.15 -189.1 °C	19 K (-254.1 °C): conical ferromagnetic → antiferromagnetic • 52 K (-221.1 °C): Reorganization of the antiferromagnetic structure. • 84 K (-189.1 °C): antiferromagnetic → paramagnetic	Measured
69	Tm	Thulium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	300 K (27 °C), 1 bar	-241.15 -241.1 °C	-217.15 -217.1 °C	32 K (-241.1 °C): ferromagnetic → antiferromagnetic • 56 K (-217.1 °C): antiferromagnetic → paramagnetic	Measured
70	Yb	Ytterbium	Paramagnetic	β-Yb	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
71	Lu	Lutetium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
72	Hf	Hafnium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
73	Ta	Tantalum	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
74	W	Tungsten	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
75	Re	Rhenium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
76	Os	Osmium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
77	Ir	Iridium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
78	Pt	Platinum	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
79	Au	Gold	Diamagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
80	Hg	Mercury	Diamagnetic	—	Liquid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
81	Tl	Thallium	Diamagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
82	Pb	Lead	Diamagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
83	Bi	Bismuth	Diamagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
84	Po	Polonium	—	—	Solid	—	—	—	—	—
85	At	Astatine	—	—	Solid	—	—	—	—	—
86	Rn	Radon	Diamagnetic predicted	Rn (atom)	Gas	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Predicted
87	Fr	Francium	Paramagnetic predicted	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Predicted
88	Ra	Radium	—	—	Solid	—	—	—	—	—
89	Ac	Actinium	—	—	Solid	—	—	—	—	—
90	Th	Thorium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
91	Pa	Protactinium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
92	U	Uranium	Paramagnetic	α-U (orthorhombic)	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
93	Np	Neptunium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
94	Pu	Plutonium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
95	Am	Americium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
96	Cm	Curium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	-221.15 -221.1 °C	52 K (-221.1 °C): antiferromagnetic → paramagnetic — α-Cm; the β form shows a ferrimagnetic transition near 205 K.	Measured
97	Bk	Berkelium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	-239.15 -239.1 °C	34 K (-239.1 °C): antiferromagnetic → paramagnetic	Measured
98	Cf	Californium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
99	Es	Einsteinium	Paramagnetic	—	Solid	298.15 K (25 °C), 1 bar	—	—	—	Measured
100	Fm	Fermium	—	—	Solid	—	—	—	—	—
101	Md	Mendelevium	—	—	Solid	—	—	—	—	—
102	No	Nobelium	—	—	Solid	—	—	—	—	—
103	Lr	Lawrencium	—	—	Solid	—	—	—	—	—
104	Rf	Rutherfordium	—	—	Solid	—	—	—	—	—
105	Db	Dubnium	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
106	Sg	Seaborgium	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
107	Bh	Bohrium	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
108	Hs	Hassium	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
109	Mt	Meitnerium	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
110	Ds	Darmstadtium	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
111	Rg	Roentgenium	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
112	Cn	Copernicium	—	—	Gas	—	—	—	—	—
113	Nh	Nihonium	—	—	Solid	—	—	—	—	—
114	Fl	Flerovium	—	—	Gas	—	—	—	—	—
115	Mc	Moscovium	—	—	Solid	—	—	—	—	—
116	Lv	Livermorium	—	—	Solid	—	—	—	—	—
117	Ts	Tennessine	—	—	Solid	—	—	—	—	—
118	Og	Oganesson	—	—	Gas	—	—	—	—	—

Sources and notes

The primary record uses one explicitly named form of the simple substance per element; other allotropic forms and states of aggregation are shown in the row expansion and are never mixed with the primary data.
Curie temperatures T_C and Néel temperatures T_N are shown for every element with a known transition — including those already above their ordering temperature at 25 °C. T_C and T_N are counted separately in the summary.
Magnetic properties of compounds or isolated atoms are never transferred to the simple substance.
Superconductivity is shown separately (with its own critical temperature, which is never presented as a Curie temperature).
Volume magnetic susceptibility χ (SI, dimensionless) is given in the row expansion with its measurement conditions; for nonlinear responses (ferromagnets) it is not a universal constant.